Standing water, slush, ice, or snow on the ground prohibits what kind of takeoff, approach, and landing?

The presence of standing water, slush, ice, or snow on the runway significantly affects aircraft performance and safety during takeoff, approach, and landing. These conditions can lead to reduced traction on the surface, which is particularly critical for wing operations where lift generation and stall speed are crucial factors.

In wing operations, the aircraft relies heavily on its wings to generate lift and maintain controlled flight. When the runway is compromised by water or ice, the aerodynamic efficiency is negatively impacted, increasing the likelihood of stalls or loss of control during critical phases of flight. These adverse conditions require special considerations, often restricting operations to ensure safety.

This makes wing operations particularly vulnerable in such conditions. Therefore, understanding the implications of runway conditions on wing takeoffs, approaches, and landings is essential for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of flight operations.