What is the maximum bank angle in route formation?

In route formation, the maximum bank angle is typically set at 60 degrees. This bank angle strikes a balance between maintaining formation integrity and ensuring safety during maneuvers. When flying in formation, pilots need to maintain close proximity to their wingmen while also being able to effectively control their aircraft. A bank angle of 60 degrees allows for sufficiently coordinated turns without compromising the ability to maintain visual references with other aircraft in the formation.

A steeper bank angle, such as 75 or even 90 degrees, could result in increased risk of losing sight of the lead aircraft and potentially lead to formation breaks or increased workload for the pilots in close quarters. Conversely, a bank angle of 45 degrees could be too shallow for effective turns during certain maneuvers, potentially resulting in longer flight paths than necessary and making it harder to keep the formation tight. Therefore, 60 degrees is the optimal limit for ensuring a safe and effective formation flight.