What is the minimum airspeed required for wing-waggle?

The minimum airspeed required for wing-waggle is 120 KIAS. This speed ensures that the aircraft has sufficient control authority and stability during the maneuver, allowing for safe and effective communication between formation members. At this airspeed, the ailerons are responsive enough to execute noticeable wing-waggles without risking loss of control or inducing unwanted yaw.

Maintaining wing-waggle at 120 KIAS is crucial for visibility and effective signaling in a formation flight, as it enhances the pilot's ability to communicate their position, intentions, and any necessary changes in the formation. Performing the maneuver at speeds lower than this minimum may lead to sluggish aileron response, potentially complicating the formation flying dynamics and increasing risk to the formation.