What visual references assist number 2 during a cross turn?

In formation flying, particularly during a cross turn, number 2 relies on specific visual references to maintain proper spacing and alignment with number 1. The exhaust stacks on the wing roots of number 1 serve as a critical point of reference for number 2. By focusing on this area, number 2 can visually judge distance and position during the turn, ensuring that the formation remains tight and coordinated. The location of the exhaust stacks provides a consistent cue for maintaining the necessary alignment, helping number 2 to adjust their flight path appropriately throughout the maneuver. Other visual references, while potentially useful, do not provide the same level of immediate spatial awareness in a cross turn scenario.